Abstract This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of Picrasma quassioides Benn against inflammation by means of network pharmacology. The paper will provide a reference for multi-target and multi-channel treatment of inflammation with traditional Chinese medicine. Through screening and analysis, 11 active ingredients and 109 anti-inflammation prediction targets were obtained and constructed a compound-target network. The targets such as VEGFA, TLR4 and STAT3 may play a crucial role. Network enrichment analysis showed that the 109 potential targets constitute a number of pathways or inflammatory reactions closely related to inflammation, including NF-κB signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. The docking results indicated that the binding energy of Picrasidine Y and the inflammatory factors VEGFA is the highest. This study predicted the role of multiple active compounds in the alkaloids of Picrasma in the inflammatory response, and provided a theoretical basis for the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Picrasma.

Abstract The study investigated that clinic significance and molecular mechanism of Plin5 in spinal cord injury (SCI). Serum levels of Plin5 was down-regulated and there is a negative correlation between Plin5 and IL-1β levels in patients with SCI,. Human Plin5 protein could reduce inflammation, and prevented spinal cord injury in rat model of SCI. Over-expression of Plin5 reduced inflammation divisors via activation of SIRT1 and suppression of NLRP3 in vitro model of SCI; down-regulation of Plin5 promoted inflammation divisors via inactivation of SIRT1 and induction of NLRP3 in vitro model of SCI. SIRT1 is important targets of Plin5 in inflammation divisors of SCI. The inhibition of SIRT1 reduced the effects of Plin5 on inflammation divisors of SCI. The activation of NLRP3 also reduced the effects of Plin5 on inflammation divisors of SCI. We concluded that clinic Serum levels of Plin5 is therapeutic target of SCI and Plin5 reduced inflammation in SCI via SIRT1 dependent suppression of NLRP3 Inflammasome.

ABSTRACT Background: The diagnostic value and suitability of prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) have been inconsistent in previous studies. Thus, the aim of the present meta-analysis was performed to systematically evaluate the diagnostic value of PCA3 for PCa. Materials and Methods: A meta-analysis was performed to search relevant studies using online databases EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science published until February 1st, 2019. Ultimately, 65 studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis with 8.139 cases and 14.116 controls. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios (LR+), negative likelihood ratios (LR−), and other measures of PCA3 were pooled and determined to evaluate the diagnostic rate of PCa by the random-effect model. Results: With PCA3, the pooled overall diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, LR+, LR−, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for predicting significant PCa were 0.68 (0.64-0.72), 0.72 (0.68-0.75), 2.41 (2.16-2.69), 0.44 (0.40-0.49), respectively. Besides, the summary diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and 95% CIs for PCA3 was 5.44 (4.53-6.53). In addition, the area under summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curves and 95% CIs was 0.76 (0.72-0.79). The major design deficiencies of included studies were differential verification bias, and a lack of clear inclusion and exclusion criteria. Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis suggested that PCA3 was a non-invasive method with the acceptable sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of PCa, to distinguish between patients and healthy individuals. To validate the potential applicability of PCA3 in the diagnosis of PCa, more rigorous studies were needed to confirm these conclusions.

This study examined the expression and potential mechanism of microRNA (miRNA)-424-5p in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). NPC tissues were collected from 40 patients who were enrolled in the study, and skin samples were collected from 26 healthy subjects during plastic surgery as controls. We performed various in vitro assays using miR-424-5p to examine its function in primary NPC-1 cells. Bioinformatics was employed to analyze potential target genes and signaling pathways of miR-424-5p. We found that miR-424-5p expression in NPC tissues is downregulated and negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis and clinical staging. Expression of miR-424-5p in NPC cells was also downregulated, and transfection with miR-424-5p mimics inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC-1 cells. Bioinformatics identified the AKT3 gene as a potential target of miR-424-5p and dual luciferase assays confirmed this finding. Upregulation of AKT3 expression rescued the inhibitory effect of miR-424-5p on the proliferation, migration, and invasion. Our results suggest that miR-424-5p inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells by decreasing AKT3 expression.

The influence of nitrogen (N) limitation on the cell growth, chlorophyll content, intracellular lipid production and expression levels of two pathway genes in Chlorella sorokiniana was investigated in mixotrophic culture in this study. The maximum biomass concentration of C. sorokinianacultured in modified BG11 medium containing 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 mM N were 1.60, 2.21, 2.74, 3.18 and 3.21 g/L of dry cell weight, respectively with maximum specific growth rate of 0.180, 0.198, 0.201, 0.203, 0.206 day−1 during culture with an initial N feed of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 mM in the first eight days, respectively. The maximum lipid content was 51 % with 3 mM N. However, the maximum lipid productivity of 0.00884 g L−1 day−1 was achieved with 6 mM N. Expression levels of accD (heteromeric acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta subunit) and accI (homomeric acetyl-CoA carboxylase) genes in C. sorokiniana were studied by real-time PCR. Increased expression levels of accD reflected the increased lipid content in stationary phase. In contrast, expression of the acc1 gene always remained low, showing that the gene might not be critical for lipid accumulation.

Gas phase heats of formation (HOF) of 18 kinds of 390 organic compounds were calculated by quantum chemical calculation using semi-empirical PM3, PDDG and PM6 methods. The calculated HOFs were compared with the experimental data to illustrate the accuracy for different kinds of organics. Furthermore, the calculated values were linearly fitted with experimental values using the least square method, and were afterward substituted into the fitted regression equations to obtain the calibrated ones. The results show that, for 10 kinds of the selected organics, PM6 is more accurate, and PDDG is more accurate for 7 kinds of organics, while PM3 is only good for amino acid. As a whole, PM6 predicts the HOFs more accurately, with its weighted total mean average deviation (WTMAD) being 0.4 kJ/mol and 2.4 kJ/mol smaller than those of PM3 and PDDG, respectively. On the other hand, our results show that PDDG is the best to differentiate the isomers, with its mean average deviation (MAD) for isomerization energy being 7.8 kJ/mol and 11.0 kJ/mol smaller than PM6 and PM3, respectively. After the calibration, the values of MADs from the PM3, PDDG and PM6 results for most organics are reduced by 0.1 to 18.2 kJ/mol, with exceptions of the PM3 for amines, PDDG for carboxylic acids, and PM6 for ethers.

Se calcularon los calores de formación en fase gaseosa (HOF) de 390 compuestos orgánicos agrupados en 18 familias de compuestos con química cuántica, utilizando los métodos semiempíricos PM3, PDDG y PM6. Los valores calculados de HOFs fueron comparados con los valores experimentales correspondientes, con el fin de evaluar la precisión de los métodos para describir cada una de las diferentes familias de compuestos. Para esto, los valores calculados y experimentales de HOF fueron ajustados a una línea recta por el método de mínimos cuadrados, las ecuaciones de ajuste fueron utilizadas como curvas de calibración. Estas curvas muestran que para 10 familias de compuestos, el método PM6 es el mejor; mientras que el PDDG es mejor para 7 familias de compuestos orgánicos y, el PM3 es bueno sólo para los aminoácidos. De manera general, el método PM6 predice con mejor aproximación los valores de HOF con un desviación media promedio (WTMAD) de 0.4 kJ/mol, un valor 2.4 kJ/mol menor que el que presentan los métodos PM3 y PDDG. Por otra parte, se muestra que el PDDG es el mejor método para diferenciar los isómeros, con un desviación media promedio (MAD) más pequeña para la energía de isomerización en 7.8 kJ/mol y 11.0 kJ/mol, con respecto a PM3 and PDDG, respectivamente. A través de la calibración, los valores de MADs obtenidos para PM3, PDDG y PM6 para la mayoría de los compuestos estudiados disminuyeron de 0.1 a 18.2 kJ/mol, con excepción para el PM3 de las aminas, PDDG para los ácidos carboxílicos y el PM6 para los éteres.

Three fully optimized structures of 3,6-diamino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-1,4-dioxide (LAX-112) dimers have been obtained with the density functional theory (DFT) method at the B3LYP/6-311++G level. Vibrational frequency calculations were carried out to ascertain that each structure is a minimum (no imaginary frequencies). The intermolecular interaction energy is calculated with the basis set superposition error (BSSE) correction and zero point energy (ZPE) correction. The greatest corrected binding energy among the three dimers is -42.38 kJ mol-1. The charge redistribution mainly occurs on the adjacent O(N)......H atoms between submolecules and the charge transfer between two subsystems is very small. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was performed to reveal the origin of the interaction. Based on the vibrational analysis, the standard thermodynamic functions (heat capacities (cºp), entropies (S°m) and enthalpies (H°m)) and the changes of thermodynamic properties from the monomer to dimer with the temperature ranging from 200.00 K to 800.00 K have been obtained using statistical thermodynamics. The results show that the strong hydrogen bonds dominantly contribute to the dimers, while the bonding energies are not only determined by the hydrogen bonding. The dimerization process of dimer II can occur spontaneously at room temperature.

N-benzoyl-3,3-dinitroazetidine(BDNAZ) is a derivative of 3,3-dinitroazetidine (DNAZ). Its thermal behaviour was studied by DSC methods. The results show that there are one melting process and two exothermic decomposition processes. The kinetic parameters of the intense exothermic decomposition process were obtained from the analysis of the DSC curves. The apparent activation energy, pre-exponential factor and the mechanism function are 170.77 kJ mol-1,10(14.12) s-1 and f(α) = (1-a)-1/2, respectively. The specific heat capacity of BDNAZ was determined with a continuous Cp mode of a micro-calorimeter. The standard mole specific heat capacity of BDNAZ was 286.31 J mol¹ K-1 at 298.15 K. Using the relationship between Cp and T with the thermal decomposition parameters, the time of the thermal decomposition from initialization to thermal explosion (adiabatic time-to-explosion, tTIAD), the self-accelerating decomposition temperature (TSADT), thermal ignition temperature (T TIT), critical temperatures of thermal explosion (Tb) and period of validity (t0.9) were obtained to evaluate its thermal safety. The detonation velocity (D) and pressure (P) of BDNAZ were estimated by using the nitrogen equivalent equation according to the experimental density.

No presente estudo foram investigadas as respostas fisiológicas da alga vermelha Porphyra haitanesis às elevadas concentrações de cobre (acima de 50 μM) e de zinco (acima de 100 μM). Os resultados mostram que os efeitos de Cu2+ e Zn2+ sobre o crescimento, pigmentos fotossintéticos (clorofilas e carotenóides), ficobiliproteína e metabolismo (o espectro de emissão de fluorescência e as atividades do fotossistema) não seguem o mesmo padrão. A taxa de crescimento relativo foi inibida por diferentes concentrações de Cu2+ e, em presença de Zn2+, aumentou ligeiramente em baixas concentrações (abaixo de 10 μM) e foi inibida em altas concentrações. Por outro lado, os teores de ficoeritrina apresentaram leve aumento em concentrações relativamente baixas de Cu2+ e Zn2+ (até 1 μM Cu2+ e até 20 μM Zn2+, respectivamente) e foram inibidas por altas concentrações. Além disso, tanto a fotossíntese quanto a respiração mostraram aumento nas trocas de oxigênio em resposta às concentrações relativamente baixas de Cu2+ (até 1 μM) e de Zn2+ (até 10 μM), além da redução em concentrações relativamente altas desses metais. Adicionalmente, as atividades fotoredutoras e as emissões de fluorescência do fotossistema II (PSII) foram incrementadas em baixas concentrações de Cu2+ (até 0,1 μM) e de Zn2+ (até 10 μM) e inibidas por altas concentrações. Desta forma, a intensidade da fluorescência da clorofila-a e dos centros de reação ativa PSII seguiram um padrão semelhante em resposta às elevadas concentrações de Cu2+ e Zn2+. Esses resultados sugerem que baixas concentrações de Cu2+ e Zn2+ afetam o metabolismo de P. haitanesis, que se torna inibido por altas concentrações desses metais.

In the present study, several physiological responses of the red marine alga Porphyra haitanesis to elevated concentrations of copper (up to 50 μM) and zinc (up to 100 μM) were investigated. Our results showed that the effects of Cu2+ and Zn2+ on growth, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), phycobiliprotein and metabolism (the fluorescence emission spectra and the activities of photosystemII) did not follow the same pattern. The relative growth rate was inhibited by different concentrations of Cu2+, and was slightly increased at lower concentrations (up to 10 μM) and inhibited at higher Zn2+concentrations. On the other hand, the phycoerythrin contents were slightly increased at relatively low concentrations (up to 1 μM Cu2+ or 20 μM Zn2+) and inhibited by high Cu2+ and Zn2+ concentrations. Moreover, photosynthesis and respiration showed an increase in the amount of oxygen exchange in response to relatively low Cu2+ (up to 1 μM) and Zn2+ concentrations (up to 10 μM), and a reduction to relatively high Cu2+ and Zn2+ concentrations. Oxygen evolution was more sensitive than oxygen uptake to Cu2+ and Zn2+. In addition, the photoreductive activities and fluorescence emission of photosystem II (PS II) were enhanced by lower concentrations of Cu2+ (up to 0.1 μM) and Zn2+ (up to 10 μM) and inhibited by higher concentrations. Furthermore, the intensity of chlorophyll a fluorescence and the active PSII reaction centers followed a similar pattern in response to elevated concentrations of Cu2+ and Zn2+. These results suggest that lower concentrations of Cu2+ and Zn2+ affected the metabolism of P. haitanesis, which was inhibited by higher concentrations of these metals.

Although domestic violence is an increasing public health concern in developing countries, evidence from representative, community-based studies is limited. In a survey of 5109 women of reproductive age in the Rakai District of Uganda, 30% of women had experienced physical threats or physical abuse from their current partner - 20% during the year before the survey. Three of five women who reported recent physical threats or abuse reported three or more specific acts of violence during the preceding year, and just under a half reported injuries as a result. Analysis of risk factors highlights the pivotal roles of the male partner's alcohol consumption and his perceived human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk in increasing the risk of male against female domestic violence. Most respondents - 70% of men and 90% of women - viewed beating of the wife or female partner as justifiable in some circumstances, posing a central challenge to preventing violence in such settings.

La violencia doméstica constituye un problema de salud pública cada vez más preocupante en los países en desarrollo, pero la evidencia aportada por estudios comunitarios representativos es limitada. Un sondeo realizado entre 5109 mujeres en edad fecunda en el distrito de Rakai en Uganda reveló que el 30% de las encuestadas habían sufrido amenazas físicas o malos tratos por parte de la pareja que tenían a la sazón, el 20% durante el año anterior a la encuesta. Tres de cada cinco mujeres que informaron de amenazas o malos tratos físicos recientes declararon haber sido víctimas de tres o más actos concretos de violencia durante el año previo, y poco menos de la mitad señalaron haber sufrido lesiones como resultado. El análisis de los factores de riesgo destaca la enorme importancia del consumo de alcohol del compañero y de su riesgo percibido en relación con el VIH como causas de aumento del riesgo de violencia doméstica contra la mujer. La mayoría de los encuestados - el 70% de los hombres y el 90% de las mujeres - consideraban justificable que en algunas circunstancias se golpease a la esposa o compañera, lo cual plantea un problema considerable para conseguir prevenir la violencia en esos entornos.

Bien que la violence domestique soit un problème de santé publique en augmentation dans les pays en développement, on ne dispose que de données limitées en provenance d'études représentatives menées dans la communauté. Lors d'une enquête sur 5109 femmes en âge de procréer réalisée dans le district de Rakai en Ouganda, il est apparu que 30 % des femmes avaient subi des menaces ou des violences physiques de la part de leur partenaire actuel, contre 20 % l'année précédant l'étude. Parmi les femmes ayant déclaré avoir subi des menaces ou des violences, trois sur cinq ont rapporté au moins trois actes de violence spécifiques au cours de l'année précédente et près de la moitié ont déclaré avoir souffert de traumatismes à la suite de ces actes. L'analyse des facteurs de risque souligne le rôle crucial de la consommation d'alcool chez le partenaire et sa perception du risque d'infection à VIH dans l'augmentation du risque de violence domestique à l'encontre de la femme. La plupart des personnes ayant répondu à l'enquête (70 % des hommes et 90 % des femmes) considéraient le fait de battre sa femme ou sa partenaire comme justifiable dans certaines circonstances, ce qui pose un problème majeur du point de vue de la prévention de la violence dans ce type de contexte.